Biotechnology and its Applications – Daily Practice Problem (DPP)

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🎯 NEET 2026 Daily Practice Problem (DPP)

Class 12 | Unit 4: Biotechnology | Topic: Applications

Q1. The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin but is converted into an active form due to:

  1. Acidic pH of the stomach
  2. Body temperature of the insect
  3. Alkaline pH of the insect gut
  4. Action of gut enzymes
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) Alkaline pH of the insect gut
Explanation: The alkaline pH solubilizes the crystals, converting the protoxin into the active toxin which binds to midgut epithelial cells.

Q2. RNA interference (RNAi) involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to:

  1. Complementary ssDNA
  2. Complementary dsRNA
  3. Complementary ssRNA
  4. Antisense RNA only
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Complementary dsRNA
Explanation: RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. It involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation.

Q3. The nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield is:

  1. Meloidegyne incognita
  2. Caenorhabditis elegans
  3. Ascaris lumbricoides
  4. Wuchereria bancrofti
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (1) Meloidegyne incognita
Explanation: This nematode infects tobacco roots. RNA interference was successfully used to prevent this infestation.

Q4. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year-old girl with a deficiency of:

  1. Insulin
  2. Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
  3. Growth hormone
  4. Alpha-1-antitrypsin
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
Explanation: ADA deficiency causes Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). The therapy involved introducing functional ADA cDNA into the patient’s lymphocytes.

Q5. In humans, insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone which contains an extra stretch called:

  1. A-peptide
  2. B-peptide
  3. C-peptide
  4. Signal peptide
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) C-peptide
Explanation: The C-peptide is removed during maturation into active insulin. Recombinant insulin prepared by Eli Lilly consists of only A and B chains.

[Image of Maturation of proinsulin into insulin showing removal of C peptide]

Q6. Which American company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin?

  1. Monsanto
  2. Eli Lilly
  3. Biocon
  4. Genentech
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Eli Lilly
Explanation: In 1983, Eli Lilly introduced plasmids containing DNA sequences for chains A and B into E. coli to produce insulin chains separately.

Q7. Transgenic animals are those which have:

  1. Foreign RNA in all their cells
  2. Foreign DNA in some of their cells
  3. Foreign DNA in all their cells
  4. Both DNA and RNA injected in their nucleus
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) Foreign DNA in all their cells
Explanation: Transgenic animals have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene in all cells.

Q8. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is used to treat:

  1. Cystic fibrosis
  2. Emphysema
  3. Cancer
  4. PKU
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Emphysema
Explanation: Transgenic animals are used to produce biological products. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a protein used to treat emphysema.

Q9. The first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced milk enriched with:

  1. Human alpha-lactalbumin
  2. Human beta-lactalbumin
  3. Human insulin
  4. Alpha-1-antitrypsin
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (1) Human alpha-lactalbumin
Explanation: Produced in 1997, the milk (2.4 grams/litre) was a more nutritionally balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk.

Q10. GEAC stands for:

  1. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
  2. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
  3. Genetic Engineering Action Committee
  4. Genome Engineering Action Committee
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
Explanation: GEAC is an Indian government body that makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and safety of introducing GM organisms.

Q11. The use of bio-resources by multinational companies without proper authorization from the countries concerned is called:

  1. Bio-infringement
  2. Biopiracy
  3. Bio-exploitation
  4. Bio-degradation
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Biopiracy
Explanation: Biopiracy refers to the use of bio-resources without authorization or compensatory payment to the concerned people/country.

Q12. The gene cryIAc controls:

  1. Corn borer
  2. Cotton bollworm
  3. Tobacco budworm
  4. Root knot nematode
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Cotton bollworm
Explanation: The proteins encoded by genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.

Q13. ‘Golden Rice’ is a genetically modified crop plant rich in:

  1. Vitamin B
  2. Vitamin C
  3. Vitamin A
  4. Vitamin D
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) Vitamin A
Explanation: Golden Rice is enriched with Vitamin A (Beta-carotene) to combat Vitamin A deficiency (VAD).

Q14. ELISA is based on the principle of:

  1. Antigen-antibody interaction
  2. DNA replication
  3. Protein denaturation
  4. RNA synthesis
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (1) Antigen-antibody interaction
Explanation: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay detects infection by the presence of antigens or antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.

Q15. A single-stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a:

  1. Vector
  2. Plasmid
  3. Probe
  4. Selectable marker
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) Probe
Explanation: A probe is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells to detect specific genes (e.g., in cancer diagnosis).

Q16. Over 95% of all existing transgenic animals are:

  1. Pigs
  2. Sheep
  3. Mice
  4. Cows
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (3) Mice
Explanation: Mice are the most common transgenic animals, widely used for testing safety of vaccines (like Polio) and studying diseases.

Q17. In 1997, an American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the US Patent and Trademark Office. This was essentially:

  1. A new variety developed by the US company
  2. Derived from Indian farmer’s varieties
  3. A wild variety from Africa
  4. A completely synthetic rice variety
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Derived from Indian farmer’s varieties
Explanation: The new variety was created by crossing Indian Basmati with semi-dwarf varieties and claiming it as a novelty.

Q18. The site of production of ADA in the body is:

  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Blood plasma
  4. Osteocytes
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) Lymphocytes
Explanation: ADA is crucial for the immune system to function. Its deficiency leads to SCID.

Q19. The Bt gene is isolated from:

  1. Bacillus thuringiensis
  2. Bacillus subtilis
  3. Escherichia coli
  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (1) Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation: Bt stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium that produces cry proteins.

Q20. Recombinant DNA technology allows the presence of which of the following in the host organism?

  1. Only beneficial mutations
  2. A specific set of desirable genes without undesirable genes
  3. Whole genome of the source organism
  4. Only undesirable genes
✅ View Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: (2) A specific set of desirable genes without undesirable genes
Explanation: Unlike traditional hybridization which leads to inclusion of undesirable genes, rDNA technology allows isolation and introduction of only desirable genes.

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